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Date and Time Functions

DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) in Power BI includes a comprehensive set of date and time functions. These functions are essential for creating calculated columns and measures that involve dates and times, enabling powerful time-based analysis and insights. Here's an overview of some key DAX date and time functions:


1. DATE

Syntax:

DATE(year, month, day)

Description:

Creates a date value from year, month, and day components.

Example:

DATE(2023, 5, 20)  -- Returns: May 20, 2023



2. TIME

Syntax:

TIME(hour, minute, second)

Description:

Creates a time value from hour, minute, and second components.

Example:

TIME(14, 30, 0)  -- Returns: 2:30 PM


3. TODAY

Syntax:

TODAY()

Description:

Returns the current date.

Example:

TODAY()  -- Returns: Current date


4. NOW

Syntax:

NOW()

Description:

Returns the current date and time.

Example:

NOW()  -- Returns: Current date and time


5. YEAR

Syntax:

YEAR(<date>)

Description:

Returns the year component of a date.

Example:

YEAR(DATE(2023, 5, 20))  -- Returns: 2023


6. MONTH

Syntax:

MONTH(<date>)

Description:

Returns the month component of a date.

Example:

MONTH(DATE(2023, 5, 20))  -- Returns: 5


7. DAY

Syntax:

DAY(<date>)

Description:

Returns the day component of a date.

Example:

DAY(DATE(2023, 5, 20))  -- Returns: 20


8. HOUR

Syntax:

HOUR(<datetime>)

Description:

Returns the hour component of a time value.

Example:

HOUR(TIME(14, 30, 0))  -- Returns: 14


9. MINUTE

Syntax:

MINUTE(<datetime>)

Description:

Returns the minute component of a time value.

Example:

MINUTE(TIME(14, 30, 0))  -- Returns: 30


10 . SECOND

Syntax:

SECOND(<datetime>)

Description:

Returns the second component of a time value.

Example:

SECOND(TIME(14, 30, 0))  -- Returns: 0


11. DATEDIFF

Syntax:

DATEDIFF(<start_date>, <end_date>, <interval>)

Description:

Returns the difference between two dates in the specified interval (SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR).

Example:

DATEDIFF(DATE(2023, 5, 1), DATE(2023, 5, 20), DAY)  -- Returns: 19


12. EOMONTH

Syntax:

EOMONTH(<start_date>, <months>)

Description:
Returns the last day of the month, offset by a specified number of months.

Example:

EOMONTH(DATE(2023, 5, 20), 1)  -- Returns: June 30, 2023


13. WEEKDAY

Syntax:

WEEKDAY(<date>, [return_type])

Description:

Returns the day of the week as an integer (1-7), with an optional return_type to specify the start of the week.

Example:

WEEKDAY(DATE(2023, 5, 20))  -- Returns: 7 (Saturday, assuming the week starts on Sunday)


14. WEEKNUM

Syntax:

WEEKNUM(<date>, [return_type])

Description:

Returns the week number for a given date, with an optional return_type to specify the start of the week.

Example:

WEEKNUM(DATE(2023, 5, 20))  -- Returns: 20 (20th week of the year)


15. FORMAT

Syntax:

FORMAT(<value>, <format_string>)

Description:

Converts a value to text according to the specified format.

Example:

FORMAT(TODAY(), "DD/MM/YYYY")  -- Returns: Formatted date as "20/05/2023"


DAX date and time functions are powerful tools for manipulating and analyzing dates and times in Power BI. They enable robust time-based calculations and are essential for any time intelligence analysis. By mastering these functions, you can enhance your reports and dashboards with accurate and insightful date and time metrics.

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