Python Working with different file formats

Python provides libraries to work with various file formats, making it versatile for handling different types of data. Here are some common file formats and how to work with them in Python:

Text Files (.txt)

Reading and writing text files can be done using the built-in open() function:

# Writing to a text file with open('example.txt', 'w') as file: file.write('Hello, world!\nThis is a test file.') # Reading from a text file with open('example.txt', 'r') as file: contents = file.read() print(contents)

CSV Files (.csv)

The csv module provides functionalities for reading from and writing to CSV files.

import csv # Writing to a CSV file with open('example.csv', 'w', newline='') as file: writer = csv.writer(file) writer.writerow(['Name', 'Age', 'City']) writer.writerow(['Alice', 30, 'New York']) writer.writerow(['Bob', 25, 'Los Angeles']) # Reading from a CSV file with open('example.csv', 'r') as file: reader = csv.reader(file) for row in reader: print(row)

JSON Files (.json)

The json module is used to work with JSON data.

import json data = { 'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York' } # Writing to a JSON file with open('example.json', 'w') as file: json.dump(data, file) # Reading from a JSON file with open('example.json', 'r') as file: data = json.load(file) print(data)

Excel Files (.xlsx)

The openpyxl library can be used for reading from and writing to Excel files.

from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook # Writing to an Excel file wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws['A1'] = 'Name' ws['B1'] = 'Age' ws.append(['Alice', 30]) ws.append(['Bob', 25]) wb.save('example.xlsx') # Reading from an Excel file wb = load_workbook('example.xlsx') ws = wb.active for row in ws.iter_rows(values_only=True): print(row)

XML Files (.xml)

The xml.etree.ElementTree module is used for parsing and creating XML files.

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET # Creating an XML file data = ET.Element('data') item1 = ET.SubElement(data, 'item') item1.set('name', 'item1') item1.text = 'This is item 1' item2 = ET.SubElement(data, 'item') item2.set('name', 'item2') item2.text = 'This is item 2' tree = ET.ElementTree(data) tree.write('example.xml') # Reading from an XML file tree = ET.parse('example.xml') root = tree.getroot() for item in root.findall('item'): print(item.get('name'), item.text)

Working with Images

The PIL (Pillow) library is used to work with image files.

from PIL import Image # Opening an image file img = Image.open('example.jpg') img.show() # Saving an image file img.save('example_copy.jpg')

Working with Binary Files

For reading and writing binary files, use 'rb' and 'wb' modes.

# Writing to a binary file with open('example.bin', 'wb') as file: file.write(b'\x00\x01\x02\x03') # Reading from a binary file with open('example.bin', 'rb') as file: data = file.read() print(data)

These are some common file formats and how to work with them in Python. Each library and method allows for specific operations tailored to the file format, enabling efficient data handling and manipulation.